Materials Map

Discover the materials research landscape. Find experts, partners, networks.

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The Materials Map is an open tool for improving networking and interdisciplinary exchange within materials research. It enables cross-database search for cooperation and network partners and discovering of the research landscape.

The dashboard provides detailed information about the selected scientist, e.g. publications. The dashboard can be filtered and shows the relationship to co-authors in different diagrams. In addition, a link is provided to find contact information.

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The Materials Map is still under development. In its current state, it is only based on one single data source and, thus, incomplete and contains duplicates. We are working on incorporating new open data sources like ORCID to improve the quality and the timeliness of our data. We will update Materials Map as soon as possible and kindly ask for your patience.

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in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%

Topics

Publications (87/87 displayed)

  • 2024PECVD SixCy as Barrier Layer Against Aluminum in Solar Cells With poly-Si/SiOx Passivating Contactscitations
  • 2023Fundamental microscopic studies on the etching behavior of silver pastes on poly-Si/SiO x passivating contacts2citations
  • 2022Contact Formation of Silver Paste and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (n) Poly-Silicon Passivating Contacts on Planar and Textured Surfaces6citations
  • 2019GD-OES depth profiling and calibration of B doped dielectric layerscitations
  • 2019Compensation of the sputter damage during a-Si deposition for poly-Si/SiO x passivating contacts by ex-situ p-doping8citations
  • 2018High-performance p-type multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si)24citations
  • 2018Gettering efficacy of diffusion processes based on doped APCVD glasses1citations
  • 2018Electrically-inactive phosphorus re-distribution during low temperature annealing4citations
  • 2018On the characteristics of the doping profile under local metal contactscitations
  • 2017Impact of Extended Contact Cofiring on Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cell Parameters18citations
  • 2017Impact of extended contact co-firing on multicrystalline silicon solar cell parameters18citations
  • 2017Gettering efficacy of APCVD PSG and BSG layers in mc-Sicitations
  • 2016Optimizing phosphorus diffusion for photovoltaic applications : Peak doping, inactive phosphorus, gettering, and contact formation53citations
  • 2016Characterization of local Al-contacts by light beam induced current measurements and their verification by 2D simulation using flexPDE1citations
  • 2016Study on the Characteristics of ICP-PECVD Boron Silicate Glasses Dependent on Diborane Flux1citations
  • 2016Contacting BBr 3 -based boron emitters with Aluminium-free screen-printing paste8citations
  • 2016Influence of Al Particle Size and Firing Profile on Void Formation in Rear Local Contacts of Silicon Solar Cells11citations
  • 2016A 3-in-1 doping process for interdigitated back contact solar cells exploiting the understanding of co-diffused dopant profiles by use of PECVD borosilicate glass in a phosphorus diffusion7citations
  • 2016Influence of post-hydrogenation upon electrical, optical and structural properties of hydrogen-less sputter-deposited amorphous silicon10citations
  • 2016Influence of Contact Firing Conditions on the Characteristics of bi-facial n-type Silicon Solar Cells Using Ag/Al Pastes3citations
  • 2016Optimizing phosphorus diffusion for photovoltaic applications: Peak doping, inactive phosphorus, gettering, and contact formation53citations
  • 2016Optimizing phosphorus diffusion for photovoltaic applications: peak doping, inactive phosphorus,gettering, and contact formation53citations
  • 2016Capacitance-voltage spectroscopy and analysis of dielectric intrinsic amorphous silicon thin films1citations
  • 2016p + -doping analysis of laser fired contacts for silicon solar cells by Kelvin probe force microscopy2citations
  • 2015Morphology and Hydrogen in Passivating Amorphous Silicon Layers6citations
  • 2015Nondestructive Characterization of Voids in Rear Local Contacts of PERC-Type Solar Cells12citations
  • 2015Passivating boron silicate glasses for co-diffused high-efficiency n-type silicon solar cell application29citations
  • 20153D-FIB Investigation of Cu Precipitates in c-Si after High Temperature Treatmentscitations
  • 2015Toward High-Efficiency Solution-Processed Planar Heterojunction Sb 2 S 3 Solar Cells116citations
  • 2015Void formation on PERC solar cells and their impact on the electrical cell parameters verified by luminescence and scanning acoustic microscope measurements17citations
  • 2015Bias-plasma Assisted RF Magnetron Sputter Deposition of Hydrogen-less Amorphous Silicon6citations
  • 2014Effect of the crucible and its coating on the red zone in multicrystalline silicon - analysis on solar cell levelcitations
  • 2014Investigation of Lifetime-Limiting Defects After High-Temperature Phosphorus Diffusion in High-Iron-Content Multicrystalline Silicon10citations
  • 2014Effect of oxygen during thermal annealing on the electrical and optical properties of sputter deposited TCO layers for heterojunction solar cell applicationcitations
  • 2014Nondestructive Characterization of Voids in Rear Local Contacts of PERC-Type Solar Cells12citations
  • 2014Influence of electrodes' distance upon properties of intrinsic and doped amorphous silicon films for heterojunction solar cells4citations
  • 2014Efficacy of Phosphorus Gettering and Hydrogenation in Multicrystalline Silicon23citations
  • 2014Temperature dependence of void formation in PERC cells and their spatially resolved detection by combining scanning acoustic microscopy and electroluminescence measurementscitations
  • 2014P + Doping Analysis of Laser Fired Contacts by Raman Spectroscopycitations
  • 2013The multi-busbar design : an overview51citations
  • 2013Relationships between diffusion parameters and phosphorus precipitation during the POCl3 diffusion process50citations
  • 2013Hydrogen passivation and phosphorous gettering at different grain boundary types in multicrystalline siliconcitations
  • 2013Improved iron gettering of contaminated multicrystalline silicon by high temperature phosphorus diffusion55citations
  • 2013Towards non-permanent contacting schemes for busbar-free solar cellscitations
  • 2013Transition metal precipitates in mc Si : a new detection method using 3D-FIB3citations
  • 2013Highly efficient multi-busbar solar cells with Ag nano-particle front side metallizationcitations
  • 2013Towards an optimized emitter for screen printed solar cells2citations
  • 2013Multi-busbar solar cells and modules : high efficiencies and low silver consumption45citations
  • 2013Study on boron emitter formation by BBr 3 diffusion for n-type Si solar cell applicationscitations
  • 2013Changes in passivation quality of PECV-deposited hydrogenated amorphous silicon layers used in solar cells due to sputter deposition of TCOscitations
  • 2012Review on screen printed metallization on p-type silicon48citations
  • 2012Nickel plating on p+ silicon : a characterization of contact resistivity and line resistancecitations
  • 2012The corrosive effect of alkaline nickel-phosphorus plating on crystalline siliconcitations
  • 2012The European project 20Plµs : 20 percent efficiency on less than 100µm thick industrially feasible crystalline-Si solar cellscitations
  • 2012Advances in the understanding of phosphorus silicate glass (PSG) formation for accurate process simulation of phosphorus diffusioncitations
  • 2011Influence of the dopant on the contact formation to p+-type silicon11citations
  • 2011Impact of metal contamination in silicon solar cells146citations
  • 2011Influence of diffusion parameters on electronic quality of multicrystalline siliconcitations
  • 2011Influence of defect type on hydrogen passivation efficacy in multicrystalline silicon solar cells37citations
  • 2011Passivation of Si wafers by Al2O3 films with different surface conditioning10citations
  • 2011The origin of background plating19citations
  • 2011Investigation of radiation damage to the Al 2 O 3 /Si wafer interface during electron beam evaporation by means of C-V and lifetime measurementscitations
  • 2011Influence of hydrogen on interstitial iron concentration in multicrystalline siliconcitations
  • 2011The influence of contact geometry and sub-contact passivation on the performance of screen-printed Al 2 O 3 passivated solar cellscitations
  • 2010Impact of defect type on hydrogen passivation effectiveness in multicrystalline silicon solar cells2citations
  • 2010μXRF investigations on the influence of solar cell processing steps on iron and copper precipitates in multicrystalline silicon6citations
  • 2010Status of selective emitter technologycitations
  • 2010Electroless nickel and copper metallization : Contact formation on crystalline silicon and background plating behavior on PECVD silicon SiN x :H layerscitations
  • 2010Comparison of UMG materials : are ingot height independent solar cell efficiencies possible?citations
  • 2010Enabling dielectric rear side passivation for industrial mass production by developing lean printing-based solar cell processes20citations
  • 2010Dielectric rear side passivation on Ribbon Growth on Substrate (RGS) solar cellscitations
  • 2010Large area solar cells made from degradation-free, low resistivity gallium doped Cz waferscitations
  • 2010Quantitative evaluation of grain boundary activity in multicrystalline semiconductors by light beam induced current : an advanced model16citations
  • 2009The optimal choice of the doping levels in an inline selective emitter design for screen printed multicrystalline silicon solar cellscitations
  • 2009Large area solar cells with screen printed front side metallization and dielectric rear side passivationcitations
  • 2009Comparison of buried contact- and screen printed 100% UMG solar cells resulting in 16.2% efficiencycitations
  • 2009Reducing the impact of metal impurities in block-cast mc Siliconcitations
  • 2009Evaluation of processing steps regarding lifetime of iron/copper contaminated mc Si waferscitations
  • 2008Minimizing the electrical losses on the front side: development of a selective emitter process from a single diffusion32citations
  • 2008Screen printed EWT cells : limitations and alternative approaches to the manufacturing processcitations
  • 2008Towards higher efficiencies for crystalline silicon solar cells using SiC layerscitations
  • 2008Minority carrier lifetime monitoring in a buried contact solar cells process using MC-SIcitations
  • 2008Selective Emitter for Industrial Solar Cell Production : A Wet Chemical Approach Using a Single Side Diffusion Processcitations
  • 2006Record 13% efficiency screen printed silicon solar cells on ribbon growth on substrate (RGS) materialcitations
  • 2006Progress in hydrogenation of multicrystalline silicon solar cellscitations
  • 2003Assessing the role of transition metals in shunting mechanisms using synchrotron-based techniquescitations
  • 2003Record efficiency of 16.7% in EFG ribbon siliciumcitations

Places of action

Chart of shared publication
Bäurle, David
1 / 1 shared
Gapp, Benjamin
1 / 1 shared
Terheiden, Barbara
31 / 35 shared
Plagwitz, Heiko
1 / 4 shared
Cela Greven, Beatriz
1 / 2 shared
Huster, Frank
2 / 4 shared
Glatthaar, Raphael
2 / 2 shared
Okker, Tobias
2 / 2 shared
Seren, Sven
10 / 10 shared
Greven, Beatriz Cela
1 / 2 shared
Steffens, Jonathan
2 / 2 shared
Reinalter, Luis-Frieder
1 / 1 shared
Geml, Fabian
1 / 1 shared
Micard, Gabriel
11 / 11 shared
Engelhardt, Josh
6 / 6 shared
Rinder, Johannes
1 / 1 shared
Buonassisi, Tonio
10 / 21 shared
Zuschlag, Annika
14 / 16 shared
Altermatt, Pietro P.
6 / 9 shared
Skorka, Daniel
5 / 5 shared
Breitenstein, Otwin
2 / 2 shared
Fichtner, Johannes
2 / 3 shared
Del Canizo, Carlos
2 / 2 shared
Youssef, Amanda
1 / 2 shared
Dastgheib-Shirazi, Amir
14 / 14 shared
Peters, Ian Marius
1 / 2 shared
Akey, Austin
1 / 2 shared
Peral, Ana
2 / 2 shared
Jimeno, Juan Carlos
2 / 2 shared
Fano, Vanesa
2 / 2 shared
Peral Boiza, Ana
1 / 2 shared
Cañizo Nadal, Carlos Del
3 / 6 shared
Fischer, Christian
1 / 5 shared
Morishige, Ashley E.
3 / 10 shared
Steyer, Michael
6 / 6 shared
Min, Byungsul
3 / 6 shared
Wagner, Hannes
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Del Cañizo, Carlos
1 / 1 shared
Keller, Philipp
2 / 2 shared
Horbelt, Renate
4 / 7 shared
Job, Reinhart
6 / 6 shared
Fitzky, Gabriel
1 / 1 shared
Fritz, Susanne
5 / 5 shared
Emre, Erkan
3 / 3 shared
Ebert, Stefanie
5 / 5 shared
Nowak, Nicolas
1 / 2 shared
Booth, Jonathan
1 / 4 shared
Voss, Philipp A.
1 / 1 shared
Kratt, Martina
1 / 1 shared
Dressler, Katharina
3 / 3 shared
Herguth, Axel
9 / 10 shared
Gloger, Sebastian
2 / 2 shared
Becker, Hans-Werner
2 / 16 shared
Singer, Florian
1 / 1 shared
Gerke, Sebastian
4 / 4 shared
Hammud, Adnan
1 / 6 shared
Rogalla, Detlef
2 / 26 shared
Brinkmann, Nils H.
5 / 6 shared
Weiß, Christof
1 / 1 shared
Sommer, Daniel
3 / 4 shared
Flege, Stefan
1 / 2 shared
Frey, Alexander
4 / 6 shared
Ebser, Jan
4 / 5 shared
Schiele, Yvonne
6 / 7 shared
Kaloudis, Michael
2 / 7 shared
Rauer, Miriam
2 / 4 shared
Dauwe, Stefan
2 / 2 shared
Kohberger, David
1 / 1 shared
Dorman, James A.
1 / 5 shared
Kalb, Julian
1 / 3 shared
Schmidt-Mende, Lukas
1 / 30 shared
Pfadler, Thomas
1 / 6 shared
Zimmermann, Eugen
1 / 3 shared
Weickert, Jonas
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Herzog, Bernhard
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Botchak, Yves Patrick
1 / 2 shared
Hofstetter, Jasmin
1 / 2 shared
Bertoni, Mariana I.
2 / 4 shared
Fenning, David P.
3 / 12 shared
Gorgulla, Angelika
3 / 3 shared
Bauer, Anja
1 / 1 shared
Karzel, Philipp
3 / 3 shared
Gindner, Sarah
2 / 2 shared
Job, Reinhardt
1 / 1 shared
Nissler, Robin
4 / 4 shared
Habermann, Dirk
3 / 3 shared
Braun, Stefan
9 / 22 shared
Pönisch, Christoph
3 / 3 shared
Zschorsch, M.
1 / 2 shared
Gröner, Lukas
1 / 5 shared
Ackermann, Mirco
1 / 1 shared
Reimann, C.
1 / 12 shared
Meyer, S.
1 / 12 shared
Bertoni, Mariana
2 / 6 shared
Lai, Barry
3 / 17 shared
Merhof, Dorit
1 / 1 shared
Schwab, Michail
1 / 1 shared
Joos, Sebastian
2 / 2 shared
Fahr, Simon
1 / 1 shared
Mutter, Florian
2 / 2 shared
Lauermann, Thomas
5 / 5 shared
Seren, Sabine
2 / 3 shared
Heathman, K.
1 / 1 shared
Morrison, D.
1 / 1 shared
Holman, Z.
1 / 1 shared
Devenport, S.
1 / 1 shared
Altermatt, Pietro
1 / 2 shared
Wambach, Karsten
1 / 1 shared
Bronsveld, Paula C. P.
1 / 2 shared
Warta, Wilhelm
1 / 15 shared
Quang, Nam Le
1 / 1 shared
Ceccaroli, Bruno
1 / 1 shared
Coletti, Gianluca
3 / 5 shared
Macdonald, Daniel
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Fernandez, Juan M.
1 / 1 shared
Junge, Johannes
5 / 5 shared
Cornagliotti, Emanuele
1 / 2 shared
Newman, Bonna
1 / 1 shared
Hudelson, Steve
2 / 2 shared
Dekkers, Harold F. W.
1 / 1 shared
Fenning, David
1 / 3 shared
Lüder, Thomas
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Raabe, Bernd
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Scholz, Sascha
4 / 4 shared
Dekkers, H. F. W.
1 / 1 shared
Cornagliotti, E.
1 / 1 shared
Newman, Bonna Kay
1 / 1 shared
Bernardis, Sarah
1 / 2 shared
Morhenn, Humphrey
1 / 2 shared
Ohl, Sybille
1 / 1 shared
Bernhard, Jörg
1 / 2 shared
Kiliani, David
1 / 2 shared
Kohler, Dietmar
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Pichon, P.-Y.
1 / 1 shared
Schönecker, Axel
2 / 2 shared
Weber, T.
1 / 28 shared
Heß, Uwe
1 / 1 shared
Jung, Woon-Hong
1 / 1 shared
Johnson, Bayard K.
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Ostrom, Nels P.
1 / 1 shared
Haverkamp, Helge
5 / 5 shared
Schmid, Christian
1 / 1 shared
Bleidiessel, Robert
1 / 1 shared
Book, Felix
4 / 4 shared
Fleuster, Martin
1 / 1 shared
Pavlović, Regina Erika
1 / 1 shared
Petres, Roman
1 / 2 shared
Zhou, Lisong
1 / 1 shared
Dixit, Sangeeta
1 / 1 shared
Enabakk, Erik
1 / 1 shared
Peter, Kristian
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Burgers, Antonius
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Gutjahr, Astrid
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Manshalden, Petra
1 / 1 shared
Laas, Leon
1 / 1 shared
Metz, Axel
1 / 1 shared
Kaes, Martin
1 / 1 shared
Weber, Eicke R.
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Istratov, Andrei A.
1 / 1 shared
Vyvenko, Oleg F.
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Isenberg, Jörg
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Rakatoniaina, Jean-Patrice
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Chart of publication period
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Co-Authors (by relevance)

  • Bäurle, David
  • Gapp, Benjamin
  • Terheiden, Barbara
  • Plagwitz, Heiko
  • Cela Greven, Beatriz
  • Huster, Frank
  • Glatthaar, Raphael
  • Okker, Tobias
  • Seren, Sven
  • Greven, Beatriz Cela
  • Steffens, Jonathan
  • Reinalter, Luis-Frieder
  • Geml, Fabian
  • Micard, Gabriel
  • Engelhardt, Josh
  • Rinder, Johannes
  • Buonassisi, Tonio
  • Zuschlag, Annika
  • Altermatt, Pietro P.
  • Skorka, Daniel
  • Breitenstein, Otwin
  • Fichtner, Johannes
  • Del Canizo, Carlos
  • Youssef, Amanda
  • Dastgheib-Shirazi, Amir
  • Peters, Ian Marius
  • Akey, Austin
  • Peral, Ana
  • Jimeno, Juan Carlos
  • Fano, Vanesa
  • Peral Boiza, Ana
  • Cañizo Nadal, Carlos Del
  • Fischer, Christian
  • Morishige, Ashley E.
  • Steyer, Michael
  • Min, Byungsul
  • Wagner, Hannes
  • Del Cañizo, Carlos
  • Keller, Philipp
  • Horbelt, Renate
  • Job, Reinhart
  • Fitzky, Gabriel
  • Fritz, Susanne
  • Emre, Erkan
  • Ebert, Stefanie
  • Nowak, Nicolas
  • Booth, Jonathan
  • Voss, Philipp A.
  • Kratt, Martina
  • Dressler, Katharina
  • Herguth, Axel
  • Gloger, Sebastian
  • Becker, Hans-Werner
  • Singer, Florian
  • Gerke, Sebastian
  • Hammud, Adnan
  • Rogalla, Detlef
  • Brinkmann, Nils H.
  • Weiß, Christof
  • Sommer, Daniel
  • Flege, Stefan
  • Frey, Alexander
  • Ebser, Jan
  • Schiele, Yvonne
  • Kaloudis, Michael
  • Rauer, Miriam
  • Dauwe, Stefan
  • Kohberger, David
  • Dorman, James A.
  • Kalb, Julian
  • Schmidt-Mende, Lukas
  • Pfadler, Thomas
  • Zimmermann, Eugen
  • Weickert, Jonas
  • Herzog, Bernhard
  • Botchak, Yves Patrick
  • Hofstetter, Jasmin
  • Bertoni, Mariana I.
  • Fenning, David P.
  • Gorgulla, Angelika
  • Bauer, Anja
  • Karzel, Philipp
  • Gindner, Sarah
  • Job, Reinhardt
  • Nissler, Robin
  • Habermann, Dirk
  • Braun, Stefan
  • Pönisch, Christoph
  • Zschorsch, M.
  • Gröner, Lukas
  • Ackermann, Mirco
  • Reimann, C.
  • Meyer, S.
  • Bertoni, Mariana
  • Lai, Barry
  • Merhof, Dorit
  • Schwab, Michail
  • Joos, Sebastian
  • Fahr, Simon
  • Mutter, Florian
  • Lauermann, Thomas
  • Seren, Sabine
  • Heathman, K.
  • Morrison, D.
  • Holman, Z.
  • Devenport, S.
  • Altermatt, Pietro
  • Wambach, Karsten
  • Bronsveld, Paula C. P.
  • Warta, Wilhelm
  • Quang, Nam Le
  • Ceccaroli, Bruno
  • Coletti, Gianluca
  • Macdonald, Daniel
  • Fernandez, Juan M.
  • Junge, Johannes
  • Cornagliotti, Emanuele
  • Newman, Bonna
  • Hudelson, Steve
  • Dekkers, Harold F. W.
  • Fenning, David
  • Lüder, Thomas
  • Raabe, Bernd
  • Scholz, Sascha
  • Dekkers, H. F. W.
  • Cornagliotti, E.
  • Newman, Bonna Kay
  • Bernardis, Sarah
  • Morhenn, Humphrey
  • Ohl, Sybille
  • Bernhard, Jörg
  • Kiliani, David
  • Kohler, Dietmar
  • Pichon, P.-Y.
  • Schönecker, Axel
  • Weber, T.
  • Heß, Uwe
  • Jung, Woon-Hong
  • Johnson, Bayard K.
  • Ostrom, Nels P.
  • Haverkamp, Helge
  • Schmid, Christian
  • Bleidiessel, Robert
  • Book, Felix
  • Fleuster, Martin
  • Pavlović, Regina Erika
  • Petres, Roman
  • Zhou, Lisong
  • Dixit, Sangeeta
  • Enabakk, Erik
  • Peter, Kristian
  • Burgers, Antonius
  • Gutjahr, Astrid
  • Manshalden, Petra
  • Laas, Leon
  • Metz, Axel
  • Kaes, Martin
  • Weber, Eicke R.
  • Istratov, Andrei A.
  • Vyvenko, Oleg F.
  • Isenberg, Jörg
  • Rakatoniaina, Jean-Patrice
  • Sontag, Detlef
  • Schindler, Roland
  • Fath, Peter
  • Geiger, Patric
OrganizationsLocationPeople

article

High-performance p-type multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si)

  • Ye, Feng
  • Buonassisi, Tonio
  • He, Qiu Xiang
  • Verlinden, Pierre J.
  • Abbott, Malcolm D.
  • Chen, Yifeng
  • Ringel, Steven A.
  • Zuschlag, Annika
  • Turek, Marko
  • Altermatt, Pietro P.
  • Geelan-Small, Peter
  • Chung, Daniel
  • Luka, Tabea
  • Jackson, Christine M.
  • Schön, Jonas
  • Wagner-Mohnsen, Hannes
  • Yang, Yang
  • Deng, Wei Wei
  • Hagendorf, Christian
  • Feng, Zhi Qiang
  • Looney, Erin E.
  • Xiong, Zhen
  • Skorka, Daniel
  • Trupke, Thorsten
  • Winter, Clemens
  • Arehart, Aaron R.
  • Needleman, David B.
  • Breitenstein, Otwin
  • Mitchell, Bernhard
  • Lausch, Dominik
  • Sudbury, Ben A.
  • Hahn, Giso
  • Frühauf, Felix
  • Mcintosh, Keith R.
  • Kwapil, Wolfram
Abstract

<p>Recent progress in the electronic quality of high-performance (HP) multicrystalline silicon material is reported with measurements and modeling performed at various institutions and research groups. It is shown that recent progress has been made in the fabrication at Trina Solar mainly by improving the high excess carrier lifetimes τ due to a considerable reduction of mid-gap states. However, the high lifetimes in the wafers are still reduced by interstitial iron by a factor of about 10 at maximum power point (mpp) conditions compared to mono-crystalline Cz wafers of equivalent resistivity. The low lifetime areas of the wafers seem to be limited by precipitates, most likely Cu. Through simulations, it appears that dislocations reduce cell efficiency by about 0.25% absolute. The best predictors for PERC cell efficiency from ingot metrology are a combination of mean lifetime and dislocation density because dislocations cannot be improved considerably by gettering during cell processing, while lifetime-limiting impurities are gettered well. In future, the material may limit cell efficiency above about 22.5% if the concentrations of Fe and Cu remain above 10<sup>10</sup> and 10<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>, respectively, and if dislocations are not reduced further.</p>

Topics
  • density
  • impedance spectroscopy
  • resistivity
  • simulation
  • dislocation
  • Silicon
  • precipitate
  • iron
  • interstitial