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Groza, Joanna R.
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article
Multimodal grain size distribution and high hardness in fine grained tungsten fabricated by spark plasma sintering
Abstract
<p>Preparation of fine grained, hard and ductile pure tungsten for future fusion reactor applications was tested using the bottom-up approach via powder consolidation by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at different temperature (1300-1800°C) and pressure (90-266MPa) conditions. Pure tungsten powders with an average particle size of about 1μm were sintered to high density (about 94%) with almost no grain growth at a temperature below 1400°C and an applied pressure up to 266MPa. These samples had a multi-modal grain size distribution (resembling the size distribution of the initial powder) and a very high Vickers hardness (up to 530kg/mm<sup>2</sup>). Above 1500°C fast grain growth occurred and resulted in a drop in hardness. XRD on the surface of bulk samples showed a small amount of tungsten oxides; however, XPS and EDS indicated that these oxides were only surface contaminants and suggested a high purity for the bulk samples. The results demonstrate that SPS can lead to ultrafine and nanocrystalline tungsten if used to consolidate pure nano tungsten powders.</p>