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Gosavi, Suresh W.
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article
Ferrocene Appended Asymmetric Sensitizers with Azine Spacers with phenolic/nitro anchors for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Abstract
<p>Two extensively conjugated asymmetric ferrocene appended compounds with azine spacers, and phenolic and nitro groups as terminal groups with the following formulas Fc-CH=N-N=CH-p-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>-OH (Fc-OH) and Fc-CH=N-N=CH-p-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>-NO<sub>2</sub> (Fc-NO<sub>2</sub>) (Fc= ferrocene) have been synthesized and characterized using micro-analyses, FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR, UV-Vis and for Fc-NO<sub>2</sub> single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structural studies reveal that Fc-NO<sub>2</sub> possess an extensively conjugated system where C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(Cp)-CH=N-N=CH-p-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>-NO<sub>2</sub> is nearly planar which suggest strong electron communication from the ferrocene moiety to the p-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>-NO<sub>2</sub> group via a -CH=N-N=CH- spacer. Both compounds have been used as sensitizers in titanium oxid based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) which indicate that amongst both sensitizers the Fc-OH one exhibited a better cell performance with J<sub>sc</sub> 12.91 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup>, V<sub>oc</sub> 0.710 V, η 5.88% and incident photon to a current conversion efficiency of 53%. Electron injection in the conduction band of the titanium oxide semiconductor have been authenticated with the help of density of states calculations.</p>