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Hannula, Pyry-Mikko
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Topics
Publications (9/9 displayed)
- 2024Graphite recovery from waste Li-ion battery black mass for direct re-usecitations
- 2022Electrochemical Growth of Ag/Zn Alloys from Zinc Process Solutions and Their Dealloying Behaviorcitations
- 2021Copper recovery from industrial wastewater - Synergistic electrodeposition onto nanocarbon materialscitations
- 2020A sustainable two-layer lignin-anodized composite coating for the corrosion protection of high-strength low-alloy steelcitations
- 2020Transformation of industrial wastewater into copper–nickel nanowire composites : straightforward recycling of heavy metals to obtain products of high added valuecitations
- 2019Processing and properties of carbon nanotube-copper composites ; Hiilinanoputki-kuparikomposiittien valmistus ja ominaisuudetcitations
- 2018Corrosion behaviour of cast and deformed copper-carbon nanotube composite wires in chloride mediacitations
- 2018Carbon Nanotube Fiber Pretreatments for Electrodeposition of Coppercitations
- 2016Carbon nanotube-copper composites by electrodeposition on carbon nanotube fiberscitations
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article
Graphite recovery from waste Li-ion battery black mass for direct re-use
Abstract
Graphite was recovered from two leached (H2SO4 = 2 M, 60 °C, t = 3 h, Fe3+ = 2 g/L) Li-ion battery black mass concentrates with minimized energy consumption. One black mass originated from a mixture of mobile device and power tool batteries, and another from a single electric vehicle battery. The leach residues were pyrolyzed (800 °C, t = 1 h, Ar atmosphere) to remove the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder and other non-metallic fractions. The black mass, its leach residue, and pyrolyzed residue were characterized using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), ion chromatography (IC), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption. After hydrometallurgical recycling and pyrolysis, the main post-metallurgical black mass impurities were cobalt oxide, iron, acid-resistant boehmite (AlO(OH)), and silicon dioxide. The pyrolysis resulted in electrolyte and binder removal, affected the crystallinity of the remaining boehmite. The recovered graphite-rich residue with impurities identified was tested as an anode in half-cells vs. metal Li. The average specific capacities of recovered graphite-rich residues from both sources were 350 and 250 mAh g-1 at 0.1C and their capacity retention after 100 cycles was high (80%) suggesting rather slow deterioration and hence the proposed recycling route being promising for the graphite reuse in new Li-ion batteries.