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Phan, T. D.
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article
Application of a Holistic 3D Model to Estimate State of Cold Spray Titanium Particles
Abstract
A validated three dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is utilized to estimate state of cold spray titanium particles before deposition. A holistic approach is adopted to predict particles velocity, temperature and location from the injection point to the moment of impact onto substrate for a commercially available cold spray system. Particle size distribution of titanium powder is considered. Behaviour of particles between nozzle exit and substrate surface, standoff, is detailed for cold spray stagnation conditions 800ºC, 3MPa and 550ºC, 1.4MPa. The 3D model predicts a complicated distribution of particles within the deposition zone that could be difficult to estimate using current one and two dimensional models.Critical velocity and deposition efficiency of the chosen powder is quantified. The model estimated significant improvement in deposition efficiency when titanium particles temperature increased 300ºC before impact. Some benefits of the 3D model for development of new materials and cold spray additive manufacturing highlighted.