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Kędzierzawski, P.
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article
Characterization of the effects of hydrostatic extrusion on grain size, surface composition and the corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels
Abstract
Passivity breakdown on austenitic Types 303 and 316 stainless steels in the as-receivedstate, and after heavy plastic deformation by hydrostatic extrusion (HE), was investigated inan aggressive environment containing Cl− ions. Microscopic, surface analytical andelectrochemical methods were used to characterize changes in structure and chemistry ofthe surface of austenitic stainless steels introduced by HE. TEM and stereological imageanalysis were used to examine structural changes introduced by the HE treatment. Theeffects of surface oxide films on pit nucleation in stainless steel were investigated by anodicpolarization in a borate buffer +0.1 M NaCl solution. Surface analytical techniques such aslight microscopy, SEM, AES and SAM were employed to characterize the morphology, grainsize, and chemistry of the surface, including local characterization of nonmetallic inclusionsand their surface before and after HE modification. The results confirm a drastic reduction ofgrain size due to the HE process and a distinct reduction of the size of sulfide inclusionsoccurring in the Type 303 matrix. Moreover, a discontinuity of the surface oxide film on MnSinclusions was found using a local SAM analysis. These factors apparently result in alowering of the resistance of Type 303 HE to pit nucleation as compared to the as-receivedmaterial. On the contrary, Type 316 stainless steel, where only few nonmetallic inclusionswere present and MnS inclusions are absent, has shown a higher resistance againstpassivity breakdown after the HE process. A tentative role of the above differences in thestability of these materials in a Cl−-containing electrolyte is discussed.