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Mcdonald, Lewis J.
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article
Evidence of scawtite and tilleyite formation at ambient conditions in hydrated Portland cement blended with freshly-precipitated nano-size calcium carbonate to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Abstract
<p>Activated calcium carbonate (a-CaCO<sub>3</sub>) is used partially to replace Portland cement. a-CaCO<sub>3</sub> is comprised of nanoscale calcium carbonate, in amorphous and calcite forms, and its enhanced carbonate activity converts calcium carbonate from being an inert filler to a reactive component. Its reaction with the C–S–H phase alters the conventional hydrate mineralogy with spontaneous formation at ∼20 °C of scawtite, Ca<sub>7</sub>(Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>)CO<sub>3</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O and tilleyite, Ca<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. Compressive strength measurements show that up to 20 mass% cement replacement by calcium carbonate does not decrease 7- and 28-day compressive strengths compared to a Portland cement benchmark. a-CaCO<sub>3</sub> also accelerates the hydration of silicate clinker minerals. Using activated calcium carbonate as a supplementary cementing material enables substantial reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, firstly by capturing part of the CO<sub>2</sub> from cement kilns to make nanoscale calcium carbonate and secondly, by using the a-CaCO<sub>3</sub> capture product to replace part of the cement.</p>