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Hayati, Raziye
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article
Effects of Bi2O3 additive on sintering process and dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 lead-free piezoceramics
Abstract
<p>Lead-free Ba<sub>0.85</sub>Ca<sub>0.15</sub>Zr<sub>0.1</sub>Ti<sub>0.9</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (BCZT) piezoceramics with Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> additive were synthesized using solid-state ceramic processing. Various amounts of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mol%) were added after calcination, milled, compacted, and sintered with no compensation at A- or B-sites. Addition of up to 0.5 mol% Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was found to greatly enhance the densification and increase the piezoelectric properties, while higher amounts decreased the grain size and induced relaxor-like electrical behavior, obeying the Vogel-Fulcher model. The highest properties were obtained for the BCZT with 0.1 mol% Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sintered at 1350 °C: d<sub>33</sub> = 325 pC/m, d<sub>33</sub><sup>*</sup> = 509 pm/V (at 3 kV/mm), k<sub>p</sub> = 0.42, and P<sub>r</sub> = 10.4 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>. The microstructure, phase composition, and local structure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The appearance of the A<sub>1g</sub> vibration mode in the Raman spectra and the shift of diffraction peaks to lower 2θ values indicate the incorporation of Bi<sup>3+</sup> into the B-site of the perovskite BCZT structure.</p>