| People | Locations | Statistics |
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| Naji, M. |
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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Aletan, Dirar |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Kononenko, Denys |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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| Bih, L. |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Muller, Hermance |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Šuljagić, Marija |
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| Kalteremidou, Kalliopi-Artemi | Brussels |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Ospanova, Alyiya |
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| Blanpain, Bart |
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| Ali, M. A. |
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| Popa, V. |
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| Rančić, M. |
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| Ollier, Nadège |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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| Landes, Michael |
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| Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Yrjas, Patrik
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
Topics
Publications (13/13 displayed)
- 2024Analytical and applied pyrolysis of challenging biomass feedstockscitations
- 2024Analytical and applied pyrolysis of challenging biomass feedstocks:Effect of pyrolysis conditions on product yield and compositioncitations
- 2023Cold-end corrosion caused by hygroscopic ammonium chloride in thermal conversion of biomass and wastecitations
- 2021Formation of NH4Cl and its role on cold-end corrosion in CFB combustion
- 2021Superheater deposits and corrosion in temperature gradient – Laboratory studies into effects of flue gas composition, initial deposit structure, and exposure timecitations
- 2020Application of bipolar electrochemistry to accelerate dew point corrosion for screening of steel materials for power boilerscitations
- 2018Experimental and modeling approaches to simulate temperature-gradient induced intradeposit chemical processes with implications for biomass boiler corrosion
- 2017The effect of temperature on the formation of oxide scales regarding commercial superheater steelscitations
- 2017The influence of flue gas temperature on lead chloride induced high temperature corrosioncitations
- 2017Causes of low-temperature corrosion in combustion of bituminous coal
- 2014Changes in Composition of Superheater Deposits due to Temperature Gradients
- 2012High temperature corrosion of boiler waterwalls induced by chlorides and bromides. Part 2:Lab-scale corrosion tests and thermodynamic equilibrium modeling of ash and gaseous speciescitations
- 2011Performance of superheater materials in simulated oxy-fuel combustion conditions at 650°C
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article
Cold-end corrosion caused by hygroscopic ammonium chloride in thermal conversion of biomass and waste
Abstract
Optimization of energy recovery and efficient use of the energy in flue gases is of high importance for the economy of power plants. The fuel quality and additives to mitigate corrosion may dramatically affect cold-end deposits and corrosion. Ammonium chloride may form in the cold-end of the boiler if the flue gases contain both HCl(g) and NH 3 (g). Ammonia may be present in the cold-end when using ammonium-based additives or operating the boiler at low load leading to an NH 3 (g) slip. Ammonium chloride is a hygroscopic salt, which can cause corrosion of pre-heaters and flue gas cleaning equipment NH 3 (g) and HCl(g) can also pass through filters and form NH 4 Cl(s) after the baghouse filters. In this work, the hygroscopic properties of NH 4 Cl were determined by measuring the conductivity of the salt during decrease of temperature at various water vapor concentrations (10–35 vol%). The corrosiveness of NH 4 Cl salt on carbon steel was studied at 25 vol% water vapor in the temperature range of 70–160 °C. The cross-sections were analyzed using SEM-EDX, and corrosion rates were determined from panorama SEM images by analyzing the material loss in about 50 000 points. The material loss was also determined gravimetrically after removing the corrosion products with citric acid. The work revealed that hygroscopic NH 4 Cl is highly corrosive on carbon steel when water is absorbed. Water uptake and corrosion occurred at relative humidities well below the deliquescence relative humidity and depended on the temperature. An empirical equation for water uptake by NH 4 Cl was determined for water vapor concentrations between 10 and 35 vol% H 2 O. As corrosion proceeded, chlorine was enriched close to the carbon steel surface due to the formation of iron chlorides. The results can be used to avoid conditions typical for NH 4 Cl deposit build-up and create strategies to prevent corrosion.