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Cafaggi, Giovanni
Ramboll (Denmark)
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
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article
Full-scale investigations of initial deposits formation in a cement plant co-fired with coal and SRF
Abstract
This work investigates the initial (short-term) deposit formation in a cement calciner co-fired with coal and SRF (Solid Recovered Fuel). The main objective was to evaluate and compare the tendencies of deposit formation (i.e. material deposition rate and composition) at different locations (heights) in the calciner system, during different operation conditions. A steel probe was used to collect initial deposits from four different sampling locations: i) in the kiln riser (two sampling locations), ii) in the mid calciner, and, iii) at the outlet from the bottom stage preheater cyclone (C5). After an exposure time of the probe between 1 and 20 min, the collected deposit samples were weighted and characterized by SEM-EDX, ICP-OES/IC, and XRD. Plant operation data, measured gas temperatures, as well as gas phase composition data (i.e. KCl(g) and SO 2 (g)), supported the evaluation of deposit formation. Due to high particle flux (up to approx. 61,000 kg/(m 2 ·h) in the riser duct), the average net deposit formation rate was around 500 kg/(m 2 ·h) for 1 min exposure time, decreasing to <100 kg/(m 2· h) for exposure times ≥4 min (due to spontaneous shedding and erosion). The deposits contained primarily five crystalline phases (CaO, CaCO 3 , Ca(OH) 2 , KCl, and SiO 2 ), which is in general consistence with the composition of the admitted preheated raw meal (C4 meal) at measurement locations, with a slight enrichment in KCl, suggesting some condensation of volatile elements from the high-temperature gas phase on the surface of the somewhat colder deposit particles. Further, the deposit samples obtained in the kiln riser had a higher degree of calcination (higher proportion of CaO as compared to CaCO 3 ) as compared to the admitted C4 meal, suggesting carry-over of dust from the kiln feed pipe, or fast calcination of the riser meal due to high temperature. The collected short-term deposits differ significantly from long-term (mature) deposits, which have previously been collected from the site, in terms of chemical ...