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| Naji, M. |
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Heinz, Detlef
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Publications (5/5 displayed)
- 2023Gypsum formation mechanisms and their contribution to crystallisation pressure in sulfate resistant hardened cement pastes during early external sulfate attack at low sulfate concentrationscitations
- 2023Effect of cement composition and the storage conditions on the morphology of ASR products in concretecitations
- 2021Production of autoclaved aerated concrete with silica raw materials of a higher solubility than quartz Part II: Influence of autoclaving temperaturecitations
- 2021Production of autoclaved aerated concrete with silica raw materials of a higher solubility than quartz part I: Influence of calcined diatomaceous earthcitations
- 2013Ultra-High Performance Concrete Mixes with Reduced Portland Cement Content
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article
Gypsum formation mechanisms and their contribution to crystallisation pressure in sulfate resistant hardened cement pastes during early external sulfate attack at low sulfate concentrations
Abstract
Gypsum formation mechanisms during external sulfate attack were studied on Portland cements of various C<sub>3</sub>A content exposed to low sulfate concentrations. Though ettringite is acknowledged as the main expansive phase during external sulfate attack, the simultaneous formation of gypsum can cause expansion of laboratory samples prepared with SR Portland cement. The comparison of free expansion, expansion pressure, sulfur distribution, microstructure and thermodynamic modelling was used to identify three different gypsum formation mechanisms: (i) gypsum formation in mesopores of the hardened cement paste matrix (1500 mgl<sup>−1</sup> SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>), (ii) gypsum formation in new macroscopic cavities caused by matrix expansion (1500 mgl<sup>−1</sup> SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>) and (iii) replacement pseudomorphs of gypsum after portlandite (metastable,1500 mgl<sup>−1</sup> SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>). Only the first mechanism is likely to contribute to expansion of non-constrained samples. The second and third mechanism are not able to exert significant expansion pressure and are therefore unlikely to cause damage under field conditions.