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| Naji, M. |
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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Aletan, Dirar |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Kononenko, Denys |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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| Bih, L. |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Muller, Hermance |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Šuljagić, Marija |
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| Kalteremidou, Kalliopi-Artemi | Brussels |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Ospanova, Alyiya |
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| Blanpain, Bart |
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| Ali, M. A. |
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| Popa, V. |
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| Rančić, M. |
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| Ollier, Nadège |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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| Landes, Michael |
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| Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Hüsing, Nicola
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Topics
Publications (5/5 displayed)
- 2023Titania Hybrid Carbon Spherogels for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolutioncitations
- 2019Reversibly compressible and freestanding monolithic carbon spherogels
- 2018Wet Imprinting of Channel‐Type Superstructures in Nanostructured Titania Thin Films at Low Temperatures for Hybrid Solar Cellscitations
- 2014Spray-deposited zinc titanate films obtained via sol–gel synthesis for application in dye-sensitized solar cellscitations
- 2013Low-Temperature Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nanostructured Polymer/Titania Hybrid Films based on Custom-Made Poly(3-Alkoxy Thiophene)citations
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article
Titania Hybrid Carbon Spherogels for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Abstract
<p>Recently, carbon spherogels have been introduced as a novel monolithic aerogel composed of hollow spheres. This material is conveniently obtained via polystyrene (PS) sphere templating. In the present study, we apply a water-soluble titania precursor (titanium(IV) bis(ammonium lactate) to the aqueous sol-gel synthesis based on resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) to effectively encapsulate titania. In this way, a very high mass loading of up to 59 mass% of titania can be confined strictly to the inside of the hollow carbon spheres. In the final synthesis step, carbonization at 800 °C has three simultaneous effects: Transformation of the RF coating on PS into microporous carbon, PS template removal by decomposition, and formation of titania due to precursor dissociation. A deliberate tuning of the microporous carbon shell, accessibility of the titania, titania amount, and titania's polymorph is further demonstrated by thermal treatment under a carbon dioxide atmosphere. In contrast to non-tuned or TiC-containing carbon spherogels, CO<sub>2</sub> activation of the composites results in a three orders of magnitude rise of their photocatalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution reaction, which we evaluate using flow and batch reactors. We further show that this effect is related to the partial etching of the carbon shell, which renders the TiO<sub>2</sub> surface accessible to the reactants in the solution and allows for an efficient hole scavenging. Given the simplicity of the hybrid carbon spherogel (HCS) composite fabrication, the high degree of control of their morphological characteristics, and the striking effects of CO<sub>2</sub>-activation on performance, we believe that our results will contribute to the development of similar carbon-inorganic composites.</p>