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Kyratzis, Ilias
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Publications (8/8 displayed)
- 2023Electrical capability of 3D printed unpoled PVDF/TPU sensors combined with carbon black and barium titanatecitations
- 2017Large Scale Preparation and Characterisation of Electrospun Carbon particle-nanofibre Composites for Ammonia Adsorption
- 2015S/PPy composite cathodes for Li-S batteries prepared by facile in-situ 2-step electropolymerisation process
- 2013Fabrication and characterisation of polypropylene nanofibres by meltblowing process using different fluidscitations
- 2012Surface modified titanium zirconium oxide nanofiber web as a heavy metal ion adsorbent for water remediation applications
- 2012Development of a flexible, wearable and rechargeable battery
- 2012Development of a flexible, wearable and rechargeable battery
- 2011Aligned Carbon Nanotube Based Sensors and Biosensors Using CNT Webs and Electrospun CNT-Polymer Composites
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article
Electrical capability of 3D printed unpoled PVDF/TPU sensors combined with carbon black and barium titanate
Abstract
The development of three-dimensional (3D) printed sensors attracts high interest from the smart electronic industry owing to the significant geometric freedom allowed by the printing process and the potential for bespoke composite feedstock imbued with specific material properties. In particular, piezoelectricity and electrical conductivity can be incorporated into feedstock for material extrusion additive manufacturing by fused filament fabrication. However, these properties often need to be activated, for example by means of electrical poling. In this study, a candidate material containing thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and carbon black (CB) with conductive and flexible properties is incorporated with piezoelectric elements like polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) to evaluate its suitability for sensor application without electrical poling. The effectiveness of texturing the surface of BaTiO3 particles and adding tetraphenylphosphonium chloride (TPPC) to the composite is evaluated as non-poling treatments to improve sensor response. It was found that the combination of TPU and PVDF produced an immiscible “sea-island” structure within the printed sensors that aligned along the printing direction. The printed sensors had significant electrical anisotropy registering greater electrical waveforms when tested parallel to the raster direction. Also, it was discovered that when both non-poling treatments were applied to the composite material, the printed sensors registered the highest baseline currents among all sensors blended with piezoelectric components. The results achieved within this study demonstrate the importance of considering electrical anisotropy when dealing with 3D printed sensors and prove how significantly composite formulation can enhance the sensor response before conducting electrical poling.