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González, Federico
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article
Effect of Pr3+ Addition on the Electrical Properties of 0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.06(Ba0.9Ca0.1)TiO3 Ceramic Obtained by Pechini Method
Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The influence of Pr<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> addition on the structure and electrical properties of (Bi,Na)TiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>-(Ba,Ca)TiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> solid solution was investigated. In this work, 0.94(Bi<jats:sub>0.5−<jats:italic>x</jats:italic></jats:sub>Na<jats:sub>0.5</jats:sub>)TiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>-0.06(Ba<jats:sub>0.9</jats:sub>Ca<jats:sub>0.1</jats:sub>)TiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>:<jats:italic>x</jats:italic>Pr<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> (BNBCT6:<jats:italic>x</jats:italic>Pr) with <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mol% ceramics were prepared via a polymeric complex synthesis (Pechini method). Optimal sintering parameters were chosen in order to obtain dense ceramic microstructures. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of a perovskite-like structure in all the synthetized powders and sintered samples. As Pr<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> content increased, a large reduction in grain size was observed. BNBCT6:<jats:italic>x</jats:italic>Pr ceramics showed a phase transition from the field-induced ferroelectric to the relaxor phase at ~ 110 °C and a local maximum around 250 °C. Dielectric permittivity was reduced as Pr<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> doping increased. For <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> = 0.5 mol%,maximum piezoelectric values (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic><jats:sub>33</jats:sub> = 115 pC/N, − <jats:italic>d</jats:italic><jats:sub>31</jats:sub> = 27 pC/N, <jats:italic>k</jats:italic><jats:sub>p</jats:sub> = 25%, and <jats:italic>k</jats:italic><jats:sub>t</jats:sub> = 34%) were obtained, while for <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> = 0.7 mol%, ferroelectric characteristics (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic><jats:sub>r</jats:sub> = 14 µC/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, and <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub>c</jats:sub> = 34.7 kV/cm) were enhanced. Bulk conductivities extracted from the impedance spectra for BNBCT6:<jats:italic>x</jats:italic>Pr were low, consistent with the insulating characteristic of (Bi,Na)TiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>. The achieved electrical properties suggestthat BNBCT6:<jats:italic>x</jats:italic>Pr ceramics are a potential candidate for energy transition applications.</jats:p>