• Ghoussoub, Joseph N.
• Pedraza, Fernando
• Reed, Roger C.
• Tang, Yuanbo T.
• Dick-Cleland, William J. B.

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This body of work aims to inform alloy design for additive manufacturing by investigating the early-stage oxidation behavior of Ni-based superalloys processed by laser-powder bed fusion. The oxidation of 14 Ni-based superalloys—some novel and some heritage—at 1000 °C for 24 hours is studied through thermo-gravimetric analysis. The mass gain, oxide layer thickness, oxide scale composition, and <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math> ^ </jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula> depletion zone size are measured. The influence of the alloy composition on these variables is assessed in order to elucidate how increasingly processable and oxidation resistant alloys can be developed. The alloy compositions with Al content greater than 9 at. pct form continuous Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> scales at 1000 °C and display markedly lower parabolic rate constants, mass gain, oxide layer thickness, and <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math> ^ </jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula> depletion zone size. The alloys of lesser Al content have reduced oxidation resistance and formed oxide scales of predominantly Cr<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>. Alloys with Ti content of 2.7 at. pct and greater formed Ti-rich oxide phases in their oxide scales as well as TiN subscale. A trade-off between alloy processability and oxidation resistance is identified, dictated by the deleterious effect of Al content on the ductility dip and the benefit of Al for oxidation resistance. A property space along the pareto front is highlighted which is ideal for having oxidation resistance and processability.</jats:p>

Topics

• impedance spectroscopy
• nickel
• phase
• ductility
• tin
• superalloy
• alloy composition
• powder bed fusion
• gravimetric analysis