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Calderon, Raquel De Oro
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article
Influence of carbon on the formation of γ/γ′ microstructure and κ-phase in the WC/Co–Ni–Al–W system: ab initio calculations and experimental studies
Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Modifications of the binder phase (<jats:italic>γ</jats:italic>) of cemented carbides have the potential to increase the hardness and wear resistance of the whole material. Partially, coherent precipitations with L1<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> structure (γ’) promise these improved properties without sacrificing tensile strength or toughness. <jats:italic>γ</jats:italic>’ is a metastable phase in the Al–Co–W ternary system in the form of Co<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>(Al,W) which is stabilized by the substitution of cobalt with nickel. Superalloys of the composition Co–(30Ni)–9Al–7 W with different carbon contents were prepared by inductive melting, and the resulting microstructures were analysed using SEM–EDS, XRD and Vickers hardness. Cemented carbides with <jats:italic>γ</jats:italic>/<jats:italic>γ</jats:italic>’ binder microstructure were prepared via DTA, and the phase equilibria in the composite material were investigated experimentally and in silico. It was shown that nickel stabilizes the <jats:italic>γ</jats:italic>’ phase in superalloys as well as in cemented carbides. Carbon leads to the formation of an additional phase with E2<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> structure (κ). DTA measurements of cemented carbides with different aluminium–cobalt–nickel mixtures as binder gave an overview of the compositional influence. Enthalpies of formation for compounds with L1<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and E2<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> structure were calculated using ab initio methods and compared to experimental results.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical Abstract</jats:bold></jats:p>