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Grigas, Anett
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article
Semimetallic paramagnetic nano-Bi2Ir and superconducting ferromagnetic nano-Bi3Ni by microwave-assisted synthesis and room temperature pseudomorphosis
Abstract
<p>Uniform nanocrystals of the intermetallic compounds Bi<sub>2</sub>Ir (diameter ' 50 nm) and Bi<sub>3</sub>Ni (typical size 200×600 nm) were obtained by a microwave-assisted polyol process at 240 °C. The method was also applied to the spatially confined reaction environment in the microporous exo-template SBA-15 resulting in Bi<sub>3</sub>Ni particles of about 6 nm. Non-crystalline bundles of parallel Bi<sub>3</sub>Ni nanofibres that have an individual diameter of less than 1 nm were obtained by reductive pseudomorphosis of the subiodide Bi12Ni4I3 at room temperature. Magnetic susceptibility measurements demonstrate coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity in a single phase for the nanostructured Bi<sub>3</sub>Ni materials. Curie temperature, coercive field, remnant magnetization, saturation moment, diamagnetic screening, and critical field vary with particle size. The crystal structure of Bi<sub>2</sub>Ir was determined by Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction data. Bi<sub>2</sub>Ir crystallizes in the monoclinic arsenopyrite type (space group P21/c), a superstructure of the markasite type, with a = 690.11(1), b = 678.85(1), c = 696.17(1) pm, and β = 116.454(1)°. In contrast to most of the other phases of this type, the Bi<sub>2</sub>Ir is not a diamagnetic semiconductor but a weakly paramagnetic semimetal. Conductivity measurements down to 4 K and magnetization measurements in a field of μ0H = 10mT down to 1.8 K give no evidence for a transition into the superconducting state. Bonding analysis shows prevailing contribution of Bi-Bi interactions to the conduction, whereas Bi-Ir bonding is mostly covalent and localized.</p>