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Swartwout, Richard
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article
Efficient Metal-Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells Deposited via Vapor Transport Deposition
Abstract
<p>Photovoltaic cells based on metal-halide perovskites have exceeded the performance of other thin film technologies and rival the performance of devices based on archetypical silicon. Attractively, the perovskite active layer can be processed via a variety of solution- and vapor-based methods. Herein, emphasis is on the use of vapor transport codeposition (VTD) to process efficient n–i–p photovoltaic cells based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI<sub>3</sub>). VTD utilizes a hot-walled reactor operated under moderate vacuum in the range of 0.5–10 Torr. The organic and metal-halide precursors are heated with the resulting vapor transported by a N<sub>2</sub> carrier gas to a cooled substrate where they condense and react to form a perovskite film. The efficiency of photovoltaic devices based on VTD-processed MAPbI<sub>3</sub> is found to be highest in films with excess lead iodide content, with champion devices realizing exceeding 12%.</p>