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Nezhad, Faezeh Sanaei
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article
Quantification of GABA, Glutamate and Glutamine in a single Measurement at 3T using GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS
Abstract
Purpose: γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu), major neurotransmitters in the brain are recycled through glutamine (Gln). All three metabolites can be measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo, though GABA measurement at 3T requires an extra editing acquisition such as MEGA-PRESS. In a GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS spectrum, Glu and Gln co-edit with GABA; providing the possibility of measuring the three in one acquisition. Here the reliability of the composite Glu+Gln peak (Glx) estimation and the possibility of Glu and Gln separation in GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS spectra have been investigated. The data acquired in vivo was used to develop a quality assessment framework which identified MEGA-PRESS spectra that Glu and Gln can be reliably estimated. Method: Phantoms containing Glu, Gln, GABA and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) at different concentrations were scanned using GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS at 3T. 56 sets of spectra in 5 brain regions were acquired from 36 healthy volunteers. Based on Glu/Gln ratio, data were classified as either within or outside the physiological range. A peak by peak quality assessment was performed on all data to investigate if quality metrics can discriminate between these two classes of spectra. The quality metrics were: GABA signal-to-noise ratio, NAA line width and Glx Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLB). Results: The Glu and Gln concentrations were estimated with precision across all phantoms with a linear relationship between measured and true concentration, R2= 0.95 for Glu and R2= 0.91 for Gln. A quality assessment framework was set based on criteria necessary for a good GABAedited MEGA-PRESS spectrum. Simultaneous criteria of NAA line width < 8 Hz and Glx CRLB< 16% were defined as optimum features for reliable Glu and Gln quantification. Conclusion: Glu and Gln can be reliably quantified from GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS acquisitions. However, this reliability should be controlled using quality assessment methods suggested in this work.