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Esteves, Lurdes
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article
Raman and X-ray fluorescence glaze characterisation of Maria Keil's decorative tile panels
Abstract
<p>A set of decorative contemporary tile panels, created by the Portuguese artist Maria Keil (1914–2012) for the Lisbon metro stations, was studied under a noninvasive analytical methodology. This methodology combines X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-XRF) and Raman spectroscopy in microscopic (μ-Raman) mode for an elemental and structural composition characterisation of the glaze (glass matrix and network modifiers such as fluxes, opacifiers and colouring agents). μ-XRF quantitative evaluation of the glassy matrix shows that all glazes have a lead silicate glass base. Results obtained by the combined use of μ-XRF and μ-Raman show that a zirconium-based opacifier was used. Naples yellow (Pb<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>), lead–tin yellow type II (Pb(Sn,Si)O<sub>3</sub>), Pb–Sn–Sb triple oxide, cobalt blue (CoAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), chromium oxide (Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and malayite sphene (CaO·SnO<sub>2</sub>·SiO<sub>2</sub>) have been identified by μ-Raman as some of the colouring agents, either used by themselves or in mixtures for obtaining the desirable colours intended by the artist.</p>