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Gupta, Mohini
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article
Double Perovskite K<sub>3</sub>InF<sub>6</sub> as an Upconversion Phosphor and Its Structural Transformation Through Rubidium Substitution
Abstract
<jats:p>Luminescent properties including energy upconversion on rare‐earth doped cryolite (double perovskite) structured K<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>InF<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> have been investigated by synthesizing samples (both pure and Eu<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>, Tb<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>, Er<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> doped and Yb<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>/Er<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> co‐doped samples) solvothermally. Cryolite structure of K<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>InF<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> was evident in its powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern which could be refined successfully in <jats:italic>Fd</jats:italic><jats:styled-content>3</jats:styled-content> space group with a lattice constant of <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> = 17.718(3) Å. Three bands centred at 227, 311 and 496 cm<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup> were present for K<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>InF<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> in its Raman spectrum at room temperature confirming cryolite structure and phonon energy of it was estimated to be 367 cm<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup> by Lorentz fitting procedure. Emissions in red and green regions were observed for Eu<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> and Tb<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> doped K<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>InF<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> samples, respectively. The local site symmetry and nature of bonding in Eu<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> doped samples were analyzed by Judd–Ofelt (<jats:italic>J</jats:italic>–<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>) parameters. For Er<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> and Er<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>–Yb<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> doped samples, upconversion emission with the laser of <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> = 980 nm was carried out in addition to normal excitation and emission spectral measurements. Intra configurational <jats:italic>f–f</jats:italic> transitions of Er<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> ions were noticed both in normal and upconverted spectra. Emission in red region over the green dominated both in the normal and in upconverted emission spectra. These were reasoned to arise from cross relaxation (CR) energy transfer process between two nearby Er<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>‐ions. Structural transformation of cryolite K<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>InF<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> to elpasolite has also been examined by substituting K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> with Rb<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>.</jats:p>