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| Naji, M. |
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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Rančić, M. |
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| Ollier, Nadège |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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| Landes, Michael |
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| Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Evans, Andrew
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Publications (7/7 displayed)
- 2023Investigating the Molecular Orientation and Thermal Stability of Spiro‐OMeTAD and its Dopants by Near Edge X‐Ray Absorption Fine Structurecitations
- 2023Characteristics of the sore throat test and treat service in community pharmacies (STREP) in Wales: cross-sectional analysis of 11 304 consultations using anonymized electronic pharmacy recordscitations
- 2022Identifying chemical and physical changes in wide-gap semiconductors using real-time and near ambient-pressure XPScitations
- 2014Characterization of spray-coating methods for conjugated polymer blend thin filmscitations
- 2013Transport and optical gaps and energy band alignment at organic-inorganic interfacescitations
- 2012Iron-mediated growth of epitaxial graphene on SiC and diamondcitations
- 2004Interfacial structure of annealed alumina-zirconia-silicate nanoceramicscitations
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article
Investigating the Molecular Orientation and Thermal Stability of Spiro‐OMeTAD and its Dopants by Near Edge X‐Ray Absorption Fine Structure
Abstract
This study describes the utilization of near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) to investigate the hole transporting material (HTM) 2,2ʹ,7,7ʹ‐tetrakis(N, N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐ 9,9ʹ‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) and its most common dopants, lithium bis‐(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), 4‐tert‐butylpiridine (tBP), and 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4‐TCNQ). By changing the angle of the sample with respect to the beam, the orientation of the molecules on the surface can be observed. The data suggest that it is difficult to determine any orientational preference for Spiro‐OMeTAD deposited on a surface due to the 3D propeller‐like geometry of this molecule. Both doped and undoped samples show thermal stability beyond the glass transition temperature of the molecules. Significant changes to the Spiro‐OMeTAD spectra are observed with the addition of the dopants, in particular the C K‐edge. Differences are also observed in the valence band spectra when dopants are added. It is also demonstrated how the doping combination of LiFTSI with tBP and, F4‐TCNQ act as p‐type dopants by altering the position of the HOMO levels. The F4‐TCNQ induces a larger change in the HOMO levels when compared to the LiTFSI and tBP. These results are important to increase the understanding of Spiro‐OMeTAD and the effect dopants have on this material for next generation solar cells.