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| Naji, M. |
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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Aletan, Dirar |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Ospanova, Alyiya |
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| Ali, M. A. |
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| Rančić, M. |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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Hall, Simon
University of Bristol
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
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article
On the Mechanism of Cuprate Crystal Growth
Abstract
The mechanism of formation of the superconductor Bi<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>CaCu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>+<sub>x</sub> (Bi-2212) has been an open question since its discovery in 1988. By controlling crystal growth through the use of biopolymers as multivalent cation chelating agents, it is demonstrated through X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis, that it is the formation of a mixed metal carbonate eutectic that promotes the formation of the target phase. X-ray diffraction experiments, supported by infrared spectroscopy, identify this phase as (Sr<sub>1</sub>−x Ca <sub>x</sub> )CO3. This knowledge allows to further reduce the eutectic melting point by the incorporation of a biopolymer rich in potassium ions, resulting in the scalable formation of Bi-2212 at a temperature 50 °C lower than has been achieved previously.