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Macedo, Vera M.
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article
3D‐Printed Carrageenan‐Based Nanocomposites for Force‐Sensing Applications
Abstract
Technological development is leading to an exponential growth in the implementation of sensors and actuators where the concern about environmental problems is also focusing on electronic waste (e-waste), which is composed of hazardous materials, corresponding to a large part of urban waste, and has a strong environmental impact. Therefore, more environmentally friendly electronic components are required, natural polymers being a suitable approach to solve or attenuate those problems. This work reports on a bio-based polymer, carrageenan, embedded with dielectric barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles to tailor the electrical response. The inclusion of the filler induces slight modifications in the thermal characteristics and on the physicochemical properties of the polymer matrix. On the other hand, the mechanical and dielectric properties improve with the addition of BTO and a high dielectric constant of epsilon ' approximate to 13 000 is obtained for the composite with 20 wt% BTO content. The increase of the dielectric constant is accompanied by a high AC electrical conductivity, leading to a high-epsilon '-high-loss material. The 20 wt% BTO composite is used to produce a force measuring sensor, due to the highest dielectric response. The functional response of the sensing system shows good stability over cycling. ; The authors thank the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) for financial support under the framework of Strategic Funding grants UIDB/04650/2020, UID/FIS/04650/2020, UID/EEA/04436/2020, and UID/QUI/0686/2020 and under projects POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028157 and PTDC/FIS-MAC/28157/2017 funded by national funds through FCT and by the ERDF through the COMPETE2020-Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (POCI). The authors also thank the FCT for financial support under grant SFRH/BD/131729/2017 (N.P.) and contracts under the Stimulus of Scientific Employment, CEECIND/03975/2017 (P.M.) and 2020.04028.CEECIND (C.M.C.). Financial support from the Basque Government Industry Department ...