• Zagórska, Małgorzata
• Namchul, Cho
• Bujak, Piotr
• Proń, Adam
• Kwang-Sup, Lee
• Tae-Dong, Kim

Abstract

Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals consist of an inorganic core determining their physical properties and a shell of organic ligands that induce their colloidal stability in a wide range of solvents, both nonpolar and polar. They are considered as extremely promising nanomaterials for modern electronics. The band gaps of these nanocrystalline semiconductors can be conveniently tuned by their composition, type of crystal structure, and size (via quantum confinement), yielding nanomaterials whose physical and photophysical properties are unmatched by conventional materials. In the first part of the chapter, binary chalcogenide‐type nanocrystals are described (CdS, CdSe, and CdTe) with special emphasis on their synthesis, photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) improvement through the preparation of core/shell systems, and/or alloying. The effect of organic ligands binding to the nanocrystal surface is described in detail because they not only assure the colloidal stability of these nano‐objects but also influence to a certain extent their physicochemical properties. Ligand exchange procedures are discussed, which render the nanocrystals hydrophilic. The role of linker ligands is described, which assures further surface functionalization through grafting molecules (or macromolecules) of interest to the nanocrystal surface. The synthesis and functionalization of nanocrystals that do not contain toxic elements are illustrated in the subsequent part of the chapter, among them ternary Cu(Ag)‐In‐S(Se) and quaternary Cu(Ag)‐In‐Zn‐S(Se), Cu‐Zn‐Sn‐S(Se) nanocrystals, which can be considered not only as alternatives to binary nanocrystals but also significantly broaden their application spectrum. In addition to these indepth study of nanocrystals chemistry, we introduced the possible application of photopatternable nanocrystals in the microfabrication of 2D/3D functional structures. Energy and charge transfer in the semiconducting nanocrystal based organic‐inorganic hybrid materials are also described. Lastly, we discussed recent development of metal halide perovskite materials and their applications in the field of optoelectronics. Recently developed low‐dimensional perovskite materials are introduced with their light emitting device applications.

Topics

• nanoparticle
• perovskite
• impedance spectroscopy
• surface
• photoluminescence
• semiconductor
• functionalization