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Ferrari, A. |
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Schimpf, Christian |
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Dunser, M. |
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Thomas, Eric |
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Gecse, Zoltan |
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Tsrunchev, Peter |
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Della Ricca, Giuseppe |
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Cios, Grzegorz |
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Hohlmann, Marcus |
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Dudarev, A. |
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Mascagna, V. |
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Santimaria, Marco |
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Poudyal, Nabin |
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Piozzi, Antonella |
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Mørtsell, Eva Anne |
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Jin, S. |
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Noel, Cédric |
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Fino, Paolo |
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Mailley, Pascal |
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Meyer, Ernst |
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Zhang, Qi |
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Pfattner, Raphael | Brussels |
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Kooi, Bart J. |
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Babuji, Adara |
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Pauporte, Thierry |
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Allwood, J. M.
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
Topics
Publications (20/20 displayed)
- 2023Mapping material use and embodied carbon in UK construction
- 2016Closed-loop control of product properties in metal formingcitations
- 2016Writing for the benefit of the readercitations
- 2015Metal forming beyond shapingcitations
- 2015Writing a good review for the Journal of Materials Processing Technologycitations
- 2015Metal forming beyond shaping: Predicting and setting product propertiescitations
- 2013The Energy Required to Produce Materials: Constraints on Energy Intensity Improvements, Parameters of Demand
- 2013JMPT in different countries
- 2012Bulk forming of sheet metalcitations
- 2012Writing a review papercitations
- 2011The editorial board of the journal of materials processing technologycitations
- 2011Impulse formingcitations
- 2010Classification of reviewers and papers for the Journal of Materials Processing Technologycitations
- 2009Knowledge in materials processing technologycitations
- 2008Editorial
- 2007The increased forming limits of incremental sheet forming processescitations
- 2007Incremental Bulk Metal Formingcitations
- 2005The development of ring rolling technologycitations
- 2005The technical and commercial potential of an incremental ring rolling processcitations
- 2005The development of ring rolling technology - Part 2: Investigation of process behaviour and production equipmentcitations
Places of action
article
The Energy Required to Produce Materials: Constraints on Energy Intensity Improvements, Parameters of Demand
Abstract
In this paper, we review the energy requirements to make materials on a global scale by focusing on the five construction materials that dominate energy used in material production: steel, cement, paper, plastics and aluminium. We then estimate the possibility of reducing absolute material production energy by half, while doubling production from the present to 2050. The goal therefore is a 75 per cent reduction in energy intensity. Four technology-based strategies are investigated, regardless of cost: (i) widespread application of best available technology (BAT), (ii) BAT to cutting-edge technologies, (iii) aggressive recycling and finally, and (iv) significant improvements in recycling technologies. Taken together, these aggressive strategies could produce impressive gains, of the order of a 50–56 per cent reduction in energy intensity, but this is still short of our goal of a 75 per cent reduction. Ultimately, we face fundamental thermodynamic as well as practical constraints on our ability to improve the energy intensity of material production. A strategy to reduce demand by providing material services with less material (called ‘material efficiency’) is outlined as an approach to solving this dilemma.